Facies association: key to identification of the Hollín Formation in South Eastern region of Ecuador
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Abstract
The research presents stratigraphic and sedimentological characteristic of Hollín Formation (Aptian-Albian) in the South Eastern region of Ecuador. The Hollín Formation is attributed to the base of cretaceous sedimentary sequence of Oriente basin; and overlay in unconformity to heterogeneous and deformed basement (pre-Aptian). The sedimentary record of the transition from fluvial environments to shallow marine environments with tidal influence (regional transgression occurred in the the northwestern margin of South America Upper Cretacic) is observed in the vertical sequence of Hollín Formation, for this reason the Hollín formation has been divided into two members: 1) Five sandy and one muddy lithofacies have been recognized in the Lower Member, it contains braided rivers from low to medium sinuosity facies. While 2) Upper Member is composed of deposits of tidal flat. These include marshes facies in supra-tidal zones, mud and mix flats facies in inter-tidal zone, and bars and dunes facies in sub-tidal zone. The limit with the overlying Napo Formation corresponds to a transition zone characterized by glauconite mineral.
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