Rare Earth Elements and geological potential in Ecuador

Abstract

Although rare earths are not uncommonly abundant, it is rare to find these elements in significant concentrations for development and commercialization. Rare earth elements (REE) have a low tendency to concentrate in mineable mineral deposits, so most of the world's supply comes from only a few sources. The environments in which REE are enriched have been divided into two categories: primary deposits associated with igneous and hydrothermal processes; and secondary deposits concentrated by sedimentary processes and weathering. In Ecuador, research related to rare earth deposits has not yet been developed and there would be a good potential to find this resource; mainly in primary deposits related to carbonatites and alkaline igneous rocks; and secondary lateritic deposits and placers. The most prospective zone for REE could be the Subandean zone along the Cordillera Real margin and the El Oro metamorphic complex. Potential targets are carbonatites, alkaline intrusions, pegmatites, laterites, karst bauxites, ion-adsorption clay and placers.